A study on existence of geometry in nature

                  CONTENTS

• Abstract
• Key words
• Introduction
• Relevance of the topic
• Objectives
• Procedure adopted 
• Data collection 
• Analysis and interpretation 
• Findings 
• Conclusion 
• Suggestions 
• Reference                                                                  

                     ABSTRACT

 

               

              Project is mainly focused on the existence of triangle, quadrilateral  and pentagon in nature. The existence of triangle can be found in eiffel tower, slice of cucumber, oxalis triangularis.

              In kite, beetles of dragonflies, windows of buildings, quadrilateral shapes are existed.Also pentagonl shapes are existed in okra, ipomoea, cyclopentane.

                     KEY WORDS 

• Triangle
• Quadrilateral 
• Pentagon

                  INTRODUCTION 

                        

       

               Geometry  in arithmetic is one 

of the oldest branches of mathematics. It is concerned with properties of space that are related with distance, shape, size and relative position of figures.Geometry have many applications in real world such as in the field of art, architecture, engineering space science and nature.

               Geometry is often found in nature.There are many geometrical shapes in  nature including hexagons in beehives, triangles in leaves, stars in starfish, spheres like moon, sun and earth.Shapes in nature are everywhere and natural shapes make up the world around us. 

    

                The purpose of the  project "a study on existence of geometry in nature" is to understand the existence of different geometric  shapes mainly triangle, quadrilateral, pentagon in nature.

            RELEVANCE OF THE TOPIC

             The theorems and geometric equations explain natural phenomenon such as the shape of insects eye, or the structure of sea shell and simultaneously bring beauty to mathematics and logic to nature.It helps in the accurate calculation of the physical distances.Geometry is not only an important part of mathematics but is also an important part of daily life.

              However geometry is challenging for some  students even high achieving students one wat to help students understand geometry and its relevance in life is to engage students to discover them cognitively  then to relate them to past present and future.The   most commonly geometric shapes are triangle, quadrilateral, pentagon so the study  of these geometrical shapes are more relevant.  

 

                         OBJECTIVES

 

• To get an idea about the existence of triangle in nature. 
• To get an idea about the existence of quadrilateral shapes in nature.
• To get the idea about the existence of pentagon in nature
• To get  a clear idea about the properties of different geometric shapes. 

 

                  PROCEDURE ADOPTED 

    

                   The topic of project is "study on existence of geometry in nature".My goal is to find the different geometrical shapes exist in nature through this project.For this purpose the topic is first divided into small sections like existence of triangle in nature existence of quadrilateral in nature and existence of pentagon in nature.

    

                 First step was to observe different objects in nature and verify they had a geometrical shape or not.The direct observation or direct method is so useful for the completion of the project work.The analytical method is also adopted in these project.

                       DATA COLLECTION 

  Triangle in nature

1. Eiffel tower 

       The structural construction of eiffel towercontains triangle shapes

 2.Slice of cucumber

       Cucumber contains triangle shape in its slice

3.Oxalis triangularis

       The plant oxalis triangularis 's leaf are in triangle shape

      

Quadrilateral in nature

 

1.kite

 

  The shape of a kite is rhombus.It is a perfect example of quadrilateral  

 2.Beetles of dragonflies 

    Quadrilateral shape can be seen in the beetles of dragonflies 

 3.windows of the building 

  Windows of the building are quadrilateral in shape

Pentagon in nature 

1. Okra

  

    Okra has a pentagonal cross section

2.Ipomoea

 

    The flower of ipomoea are pentagular

3.cyclopentane

 

     Cyclopentane is a pentagon shaped cyclic compound.

   

          ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION 

. Eiffel tower

         The structural construction of eiffel tower contain triangular shape. The eiffel tower has exactly 186 triangles in it. These triangles given this massive structure great strength. 

. Slice of cucumber

         Inside a cucumber slice we can see a triangle shpe.The triangle shape inside a cucumber slice is likely due to the arrangement of the internal seeds.

. Oxalis triangularis

          The triangle shape in oxalis triangularis refers to its common name, false shamrock. The triangle shape is due to the three heart shaped leaves that are attached to the stem at the centre. 

. Kite

        In Euclidean geometry, a kite is a quadrilateral with reflection symmetry across a diagonal. Because of this symmetry, a kite has two equal angles and two pairsof adjacent equal length sides. 

. Beetles of dragonflies 

        Beetles of dragonflies, on the other hand are insects belong to the animal kingdom. They are not inherently quadrilateral in nature. However if you are looking for similarities or patterns in the shapes of beetles and dragonflies it's worth noting that their bodies can exhibit certain quadrilateral like features or arrangements. 

. Windows of the building 

         Quadrilateral shapes are commonly found in windows of buildings. Most windows are designed with a rectangular or square shape which are both types of quadrilaterals. 

. Okra

        Okra is a flowering plant that is widely cultivated for its edible seed pods. While okra pods are typically elongated and cylindrical  in shape they can occasionally exhibit a slightly pentagonal cylindrical form. 

. Ipomoea

       Ipomoea is genus of flowering plants in the family covolvulaceae, commonly known as morning glories. 

. Cyclopentane

       Cyclopentane is a cyclic hydrocarbon with a five carbon ring. One interesting features of cyclopentane is that its ring is puckered or distorted, which results in a pentagonal shape.

         

                        FINDINGS

• Triangle shape exist in eiffel tower, slice of cucumber and oxalis triangular
• Quadrilateral shapes are found in kite, beetles of dragonflies, windows of the building
• In okra, ipomoea, cyclopentane pentagonal shapes are exist                             CONCLUSION 

      The most important example of geometry in everyday life is formed by the nature surrounding humans. If one looks closely, ons might find different geometrical shapes and patterns in leaves, flowers, stems, roots, bark and the list goes on.The study focuses on a small topic helped me to find more examples of triangle, quadrilateral and pentagon in our daily life..

     

                     

                     SUGGESTION

          My project is about "a study on existence of geometry in nature. " For this purpose many things have been observed in our surrounding and made new discoveries. A detailed study would have been possible if this project included many areas of study. 

 

                     REFEEENCE

• SCERT-Mathematics textbook
• https://byjus. com
• https://studiousguy. com
• www.insider.com
• en. m. wikipedia. org